Today in History: On September 28, 1917, 166 members of the International Workers of the World (IWW) were indicted for protesting the United States’ involvement in World War I. They were violating the Espionage Act that did not allow people to verbally protest the war in fear of trying to “cause insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal of duty in the military and naval forces.” The arrests were part of a larger effort to crackdown on union activity in the United States.